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Chapter 5: The UK Government, the Law, and Your Role

The Prime Minister

The head of the UK government, leader of the political party with the most MPs in the House of Commons, and the most powerful political figure in the country.

4 min read
Exam Topic
Based on official handbook (3rd edition)

Key Facts

Role
Head of government
Residence
10 Downing Street
First PM
Sir Robert Walpole
First female PM
Margaret Thatcher (1979)
Accountable to
Parliament

The Prime Minister (PM) is the head of the UK government and the leader of the political party with the majority in the House of Commons.

Role of the Prime Minister

Powers and Responsibilities - Leads the government and sets policy direction - Chairs Cabinet meetings - Appoints and dismisses ministers - Represents the UK at international meetings - Answers questions in Parliament (PMQs) - Advises the King on appointments - Commands the armed forces (with Parliament)

Residence - **10 Downing Street** - Official London residence and office - **Chequers** - Country residence in Buckinghamshire

How Someone Becomes Prime Minister

  1. **Lead a political party** - Usually the Conservative or Labour Party
  2. **Win a general election** - The party wins the most seats
  3. **Be invited by the King** - To form a government
  4. There is no direct election for Prime Minister

Notable Prime Ministers

  • **Sir Robert Walpole** (1721-1742) - First Prime Minister
  • **Winston Churchill** (1940-1945, 1951-1955) - WWII leader
  • **Margaret Thatcher** (1979-1990) - First female PM
  • **Tony Blair** (1997-2007) - Labour's longest-serving PM

Accountability

The PM is accountable to: - **Parliament** - Must answer questions and can face votes of no confidence - **The public** - Through elections - **The Cabinet** - Ministers can resign or rebel

📝Why This Appears on the Test

Know the PM's role, residence (10 Downing Street), and notable PMs.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Thinking the PM is directly elected
  • Confusing the PM with the head of state (the King)
  • Not knowing 10 Downing Street

The Prime Minister FAQ

Related Topics to Study

This content is based on the official "Life in the United Kingdom: A Guide for New Residents" (3rd edition) published by the UK Home Office. Content is regularly reviewed and updated to ensure accuracy. For the most current test requirements, always check the official GOV.UK website.

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